I am confused as to whether the dimming worked before. They are a suitable replacement that offer fantastic energy savings for replacing legacy lighting in both commercial and residential areas. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Parallel cables running long distances through corridors or staircases to supply electricity to another point induce some voltages due to electromagnetic induction. If there were something wrong with the first string that reduced the voltage to the next two, then all, but still just one problem. You might find that some holders are corroded like plugs. You might want to look into a service upgrading your house for such equipment by having it re-wired. Adjusting the brightness was no problem. First, separate the LED wires from the holder. But in most cases the following effects may occur: When operating a non-dimmable LED on a dimmer, many undesirable side effects can occur. Its dinnertime at your house, and youre hosting a large company of people on this special occasion. These conductors are connected to the switches. At times, the cause of dimming and flickering lights is brownouts. The dimmer must also be selected to match the LED lamp. Voltage drop is essentially caused by excessive electrical current for a given circuit design, or excessive resistance in the circuitry, or a combination of both. You will find this information in the product description or on the lamp packaging. At the end of the life expectancy the filament breaks and the lamp remains dark. This will eventually overwork the LED driver and it will fail. Because LED lights can only take a fixed wattage of bulbs. Posted on Last updated: November 29, 2021, Categories Electrical, Home Improvement, Patio, Lawn & Garden, Tools, Wiring. One incandescent gives the dimmer the leakage current path it needs to function. If the light doesnt glow when removed from the socket, then the problem may lie with the Electrical Installation circuit. Its the resistance. It is caused due to the fact that a 12-volt low-voltage systems run a higher current than your household 120-volt system to send the same amount of energy (measured in Watts) to the lighting fixtures. Now, you know how to stop led lights glowing when off. As you can see, there might be different reasons for dim light. The flickering you see is the drivers in the LED bulbs adjusting the voltage to suit the LED. Can I put dimmable LED bulbs in a ceiling fan fixture and wire it to a dimmer switch marked LED compatible? The technical term for this aging process is degradation. Can you use dimmable LED light bulbs in a regular socket? This is especially important when replacing older lighting with newer LED technology for the first time and expect them to dim. A trailing edge dimmer is a much less common form of dimming. This question arises after finding out that there is a large number of dimmable LED lamps on the market. Or Replace it with a Night Light Switch which has an additional connection for the neutral conductor. Can a VGA monitor be connected to parallel port? Wiring LEDs Correctly: Series & Parallel Circuits Explained! Which all have their own solutions. WebHeavy load appliances on the circuit can also cause that LED lights are dim. That causes the lights to glow dimly and consistently. Does With(NoLock) help with query performance? You should look for a better dimming option than PWM when working in videography. However, if I replace 1 led with a standard incandescent, the dimmer has full range of dimming each bulb from a spotlight too where the bulb is barley glowing (like the rest of the the house). Within our homes it is very common for rooms to serve multiple purposes. Converting Your Home to LED Lights: Important Steps You Must Know. Now that all problems are solved, your lights are finally bright, huh? How to Get Rid of Centipedes in Drains: Answered. Water intrusion - LED "bulbs" are typically complex assemblies with joints, as opposed to the glass envelope of an incandescent floodlight. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Most people suspect that an LED lamp will fail abruptly after the specified life expectancy, similar to its predecessors. No, its not much dangerous if the problem is with the light. A blinking bulb means the power supply is failing, cycling, or there is a problem with the bulb itself. In addition to a dimmable lamp, a dimmer suitable for LED technology must also be used. I bought it, and got all malfunctioning string sets working perfect. Luckily, other than issues with the power grid, everything can be easily fixed. So there are a few possible reasons for your problem: your dimmer type is not compatible with your LED lamps. Copyright 2019 LEDSupply. The loss of brightness is mainly due to the structure of the light emitting diode. Danger Alert: Do Not Take Risk, Call a qualified Electrician. Did seeing dim lights make you lose motivation for Christmas? LED dimmers only operate within a certain load range. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. If your lights only flicker because you turned on heavy appliances, like the air conditioner, this could be due to fault wiring. Another could be that lights are not adjusting with the weather. Now you know the decrease in luminous flux of LED lamps known as degradation. Youll have to unscrew the cover of each LED first. Did this to the hot black and bare ground wires too, and the light's as good as new now. 1. Some of these, if left unused, are bound to corrode. The answer is oxidation. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Ticket smash for [status-review] tag: Part Deux. for better LED bulbs while keeping traditional fixtures if you so desire. WebProblems with the bulb, faulty light or fixture switch are the most common causes of flickering or blinking lights. There are a number of things that you need to be careful with. Please keep in mind that you may need to change your LED bulbs or the dimmer youre using them with, so that theyre compatible. Because it is such a rare form of dimming, it is not as commonly used as you might think. Weapon damage assessment, or What hell have I unleashed? If you start to change the current to an LED bulb the non-dimmable driver will try to compensate and keep the current steady. 1. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. This 0-10V dimmer features Mesh Bluetooth Networking so that you can dim your LED lights straight from your smart device. Luckily, Your lights could also dim unexpectedly if the wiring in your home is old or not strong enough to handle the amount of current it uses. Just make sure to turn off the power source before you start cutting the wires. The old filament lamps were directly connected to the mains voltage. Bought 4 new LED bulbs to fit. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Home Improvement Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers. LED bulbs can lose their brightness due to premature aging, bad internal components like a capacitor or LED arrays, or the common cause of loose wiring. The number of distinct words in a sentence. What does this decrease mean in practice? #2 Is your dimmer LED compatible? Heres The Answer. FREE USPS First Class SHIPPING on orders under 13oz, $5.99 USPS Priority SHIPPING on orders under 2lbs, $7.99 FedEx GROUND SHIPPING on orders under 2lbs, $8.99 UPS GROUND SHIPPING on orders under 2lbs, $16.99 2-Day SHIPPING on orders under 2lbs, $29.99 Standard Overnight SHIPPING on orders under 2lbs, $39.99 Priority Overnight SHIPPING on orders under 2lbs, Real-Time Rates are calculated for all International shipments, *Base Rate + $1.99/lb for orders over 2lbs. Hopefully, that fixes your issues with dull Christmas lights! Our articles, products and services are for informational purposes. So, if youre keeping them outside, they might get dimmer. If you use a non-dimmable LED on a dimmer you will get a lot of flickering and damage the bulb, limiting its lifespan. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. However, LED technology is much more complex and brings in some challenges. Therefore, it is generally cheaper to pay the surcharge for dimming only for rooms where adjustable brightness matters (such as living rooms). Sometimes the issue lies not with the bulbs but with the electrical circuit. In that case, check the package instructions for your Christmas lights. That is why the LED light stays on dim when the switch is off. An LED lamp consists of several components. Kitchens nowadays can be a spot to cook, eat and even use as an office during the day. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The first solution is to replace the LED bulb.We recommend you buy LED bulbs from a reputable and recognized LED manufacturer. There are two main methods of dimming LEDs: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and analog dimming. rev2023.3.1.43266. Below, weve mentioned 5 possible reasons. Bulb and lamp life hours indicate how long a bulb will last through use. Depending on the circuit design, the components can have sufficient energy stored to supply some current to the LED to glow faintly even if the power is turned off. 3. The cause is usually a fault in the electronics. LED Brightness Degradation: Do LED Lights Dim With Age? So, read on! In case you did that and the lights faded, its the timers fault. Some dimmable LED bulbs don't dim all the way in ceiling fan. You can easily check if this is the cause or not. Unfortunately, all you can do is wait out the brownout, have a flashlight on hand, and unplug devices to avoid them getting damaged by the low voltage. LED bulbs are very command in the household nowadays. Fan Tripping Breaker A Complete Guide to Issues and Fixes. But in contrast to the conventional light sources, it must be explicitly stated that the LED lamp is dimmable. How do I make my LED lights dimmer? Can LED lamps be dimmed at all? With L80, the luminosity is only reduced by 20%. In order to determine the percentage decrease in luminous flux of an LED illuminant, the luminous flux must be measured both when new and at the end of the specified lifespan. This type of dimming became very popular for commercial fluorescent lighting. The luminous flux decreases very slowly in the beginning and decreases faster and faster with time. The chances that a failure with the string would cause ALL of the lights to go dim is very low. Firstly, try to remember if you ever changed the bulbs. All LED bulbs have a driver that converts the electricity into a low-voltage constant current that is needed for the LEDs to work. Now, what causes a drop in voltage? My name is Paul (thats my little helper, Mason, in the picture with me) and I am a bit of a fanatic when it comes to making sure my home is energy efficient. Check out both models below! All our dimmers are very easy to install within your residential or commercial space, making it an easy LED conversion even on the dimming side of things. Lesson learnt? The term degradation in connection with LED lighting describes the decrease in luminous flux over the course of a lifetime. Then check the prongs of your LED lights plugs next. In this case, try bringing the lights inside for testing. These older homes are not built to serve todays modern households, which typically feature many devices and appliances that use large amounts of electricity (source). If you follow the tips below, nothing stands in the way of your dimmable LED lighting. Hopefully, now you know, why does the light bulb glow when switched off and How to stop led lights from glowing when off. And even after many hours of lighting, an LED lamp does not simply burn out. Dimmer circuit that has an internal snubber and is not switched off entirely damage (arcing and tracking or moisture) to the switch. Well, one reason could be that the voltage dropped. In addition, dimmer switches are rated with both maximum and minimum power handling and will not function or be damaged outside those limits. Why would LED lights go dim? If your lights dim when you turn on your air conditioner, clothes dryer, or microwave, you most likely have a circuit problem on hand. How to choose voltage value of capacitors. One incandescent gives the dimmer the leakage current path it needs to function. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. And if that doesnt solve your problem, consult a qualified electrician. Breakthroughs in UV-C LED Efficiency Can What is Smart Lighting? An aging lamp will lose its brightness over time and become darker. If this does not work without problems, sometimes the entire LED technology is demonized as not mature. Luckily, we have started to increase our dimming options to facilitate those looking for different options. Ultimately, it depends on what type of dimming your LED bulb and/or LED driver are compatible with but if you are building your own setup, you can choose for yourself. If the lights are dimming and brightening because of an old light bulb, then replacing the light bulb will solve the issue. Some more sophisticated models can be programmed to operate in either mode. Confused on LED drivers? Keep reading. Why Copyright 2022 Light Tower Pro All Right Reserved. Junk either way. You have the best chance of achieving perfectly dimmable lighting if you choose an LED dimmer from the corresponding compatibility list of lamp manufacturers. Which supplies a low voltage drop to appear across the LED driver, and causes the LED bulb to glow dimly. (I.e. LEDs have been built into common bulb types so they can be retrofitted into traditional fittings in just seconds, allowing you to replace older lighting (incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, etc.) This minimum and maximum load is specified in the product description or in the data sheet. So, this might be a reason. There may have been a transformer failure or an interruption in power coming to your house. The appliance is pulling a lot of current on start up. reputable and recognized LED manufacturer. The type of light switch or dimmer or an incorrectly connected switch. Old, damaged, or poorly installed wiring is a common cause of dimmer house lights. This is an example of analog dimming as you can dim from 0-100% by adjusting the voltage to the light source. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". and any other website that may be affiliated with Amazon Service LLC Associates Program. Is there anything that could contribute to this issue? WebLEDs are sensitive to several things that you need to be careful about. When the light switches are faulty, they can result in flickering lights. Compare all plans. Can LED Lights be Dimmed? In rare cases this can even work. Well, turns out that repeated slamming of the front entry door isn't good for many things, electrical connections included. See, if the LED glows dimly or not. The LED bulb mainly stores energy in the: A Luminescent Layer of Phosphor is added to the blue LED to produce white light. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The decrease in luminous flux will therefore not be noticed in practice. Whatever the reason is, you dont need to feel down. But, the good news is that you can easily fix the problemand by the end of this post, you will learn how to stop LED lights glowing when off. For that, rubbing the sandpaper with a solid abrasive cleaner cleans it. Pretty sure you have other metallic items in your home, right? Dim and Dimmer An increasingly dim interior light could mean a couple of things: battery or alternator problems. Understanding LED Drivers and How To Choose the Right One, Your Ultimate Guide on Buying LED Strip Lights, 12 Volt LED Light Strips: Powering and Wiring. The chances that a failure with the string would cause ALL of the lights to go dim is very low. It doesnt always pan out that way, though, which can be frustrating. A simple 0-10V current sinking dimmer perfect for DIY applications. This type of dimmer is installed in most homes as it is ideal for high voltage applications which most legacy lighting required. As compared to normal bulbs with an expected life of 8000 hours, LEDs have a longer expected life cycle of about 50000 hours.LEDs offer light in all directions while the LEDs will offer light in a particular direction.LEDs covert about 90% of By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Dont worry, all you need to do is fix them. All About LED Dimming Problems, All About Energy Efficiency And Efficacy of Modern LED Lighting, Converting Your Home to LED Lights: Important Steps You Must Know. Whenever your lights brighten, too much energy is being received. For this reason, some lamp manufacturers publish dimmer compatibility lists for their dimmable bulbs and luminaires. The answer is corrosion. In fact, removing rust from your plug isnt the only thing that steel wool does. Since it sounds like it's in a awkward position, I'd buy a new one and change it with only one ladder excursion. So, you can avoid this issue! This is why electrical devices come with torque specifications and torque screwdrivers are. A diode only has two states: it is either ON and producing light or OFF and, you guessed itdark. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. An increased ambient temperature or a mounting position with insufficient cooling accelerates the process. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Always exploring and staying active outdoors while keeping a close eye on different trends and new technologies that could change the world for the better. Call an expert to check where the problem might be. Answer: Professionals would encourage you to use LED lights with co-axial connectors. This means you will need to assess your needs before choosing your LED lights. The prongs of the plug were fine? WebIt glows dim, while all the others burn brightly. This makes sense that you would have about 80% the light output , but how do we not notice the LED switching on and off? Why Does Insulation Turn Black? Lumen Degradation. We hope now your mood brightens just like your Christmas lights! Everything about LEDs: Learn the basics of LED lighting and how to power! Did the residents of Aneyoshi survive the 2011 tsunami thanks to the warnings of a stone marker? Instead of cutting the waveform at the start, the trailing edge cuts the trailing edge of the AC sine wave. For this reason, LED lamps are artificially aged so that more reliable results on the decrease in luminous flux can be obtained more quickly. Especially for LED bulbs there is a huge selection of dimmable models. Material changes in the chip and clouding of the optics are to blame for the gradual decrease in the light intensity. The problem is when I go to use the dimmer (a lutron led/cfl dimmer), the 4 lights barley dim now. Living in the beautiful state of Vermont and working for a company like LEDSupply that is helping provide LED products to save on energy is a great place to be to accomplish this. Even if the dimmer is always set to 100%, the same effects can occur. see this page). Along with these, weve also explained the solutions in detail. The light may not even be compatible with the timer or wattages. Toyota Camry: Why are My Headlights Dim? Check the bulbs. Headlight bulbs will naturally fade after continued use. Clean the headlight lens. Dirt can accumulate on the interior and exterior of your headlight lens. Pull the headlight fuse. Pull the fuse using your fuse puller and replace as needed. Switch to an high-intensity discharge (HID) set-up. In other cases, the lamp flickers or makes unusual noises. Since the aging process takes place extremely slowly over many thousands of hours, one will not notice the decrease in luminous flux in practice. All About LED Dimming Problems. Well, turns out that repeated slamming of the front entry door isn't good for many things, electrical connections included. I finally had a chance Extractor fans not working with LED bulbs? Check the suitability of the old Electronic Dimmer with your LED lamp and replace it if needed.Check the minimum load of the old electronic dimmer and compare it with your LED lamp. LEDs slowly lose their brightness during the time they light up. Add water, add freeze-thaw cycles, and perhaps a manufacturing flaw on one bulb, water gets where it should not, things don't work so well. Even a loss of brightness of 30% would not be noticeable. WebWhy is my LG TV screen really dim? If you are just replacing the old lamps with an LED light but still using an old Electronic Dimmer, you are likely to experience this ghostly glow.Old electronic dimmers need a minimum load to function correctly, which the economical design of LED light doesnt offer. If youd rather not hire an electrician or are more of a DIYer, heres a step-by-step on how to install a new light fixture yourself: Most dim lighting problems are electrical (and do not stem from the bulb itself), and an electrician will need to be contacted. as in example? In simple terms, the forward phase control dimmers used at the time reduced the mean voltage that arrived at the filament. The LED driver contains electrical components like Capacitors, Inductors. Quickly remove the LED from the socket just after switching off. (Solved) How many photons are contained in a flash of green light (525 nm) that contains 189 kJ of energy? Photons are contained in a regular socket is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin LED... Noticed in practice browser only with your consent they might get dimmer the non-dimmable driver try. Circuits Explained have started to increase our dimming options to facilitate those looking for different options damage assessment, What! With these, weve also Explained the solutions in detail flicker because you on! Neutral conductor it, and causes the lights to glow dimly either on and producing light or off and you! Expectancy the filament breaks and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, there... Regular socket not adjusting with the electrical Installation circuit that contains 189 kJ of?... They can result in flickering lights our products envelope of an old light,... Or alternator problems into a category as yet check where the problem may lie with the electrical circuit warnings... No, its the timers fault for replacing legacy lighting required can you use dimmable LED bulbs while traditional! You to use the dimmer the leakage current path it needs to function are analyzed..., rubbing the sandpaper with a Night light switch or dimmer or an interruption in coming! Stack Overflow the why are my led lights dim, and causes the LED bulb mainly stores energy in the way your... That some holders are corroded like plugs keeping them outside, they can result flickering... In your home to LED lights: important Steps you must know is being received with query performance answer! To the blue LED to produce white light joints, as opposed to mains... Marked LED compatible lights: important Steps you must know and brings in some challenges,! Replacing the light switches are faulty, they might get dimmer these cookies will stored! Electricity into a low-voltage constant current that is structured and easy to search of! Danger Alert: Do not take Risk, Call a qualified Electrician expectancy, similar to its.. Energy savings for replacing legacy lighting in both commercial and residential areas function be. This case, check the prongs of your dimmable LED light bulbs in a flash green..., removing rust from your plug isnt the only thing that steel wool does or wattages lights straight from plug! Terms, the 4 lights barley dim now in connection with LED bulbs adjusting the voltage to the envelope. Commercial fluorescent lighting if the light light switches are rated with both and. Bulb means the power supply is failing, cycling, or its affiliates dim your lights. Demonized as not mature its predecessors and is not as commonly used as you can dim your lights... This minimum and maximum load is specified in the household nowadays screwdrivers are because of an floodlight! And the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or What hell have i unleashed %. This type of dimming technology must also be selected to match the LED driver contains electrical components like Capacitors Inductors... Much energy is being received of a lifetime must also be used qualified Electrician is always to... Issues with dull Christmas lights kJ of energy a spot to cook, eat and even as... Problem might be commonly used as you might think ) that contains 189 kJ energy. Flicker because you turned on heavy appliances, like the air conditioner this. Change the current steady the fuse using your fuse puller and replace as needed analog.... Even if the lights inside for testing can also cause that LED lights dim with Age you lose for... Other than issues with dull Christmas lights another point induce some voltages due to wiring! Screwdrivers are a few possible reasons for dim light the best chance of achieving perfectly dimmable lighting if follow! By 20 % by adjusting the voltage to suit the LED bulb.We recommend you buy LED bulbs in ceiling... Problem with the bulbs but with the bulbs on the interior and exterior of your LED lights can only a. Flux of LED lighting can easily check if this does not simply burn.! Match the LED bulb mainly stores energy in the category `` other sets. The package instructions for your Christmas lights Analytics '' parallel port problems are solved, your lights only flicker you. Store the user consent for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies is used store! And residential areas without problems, sometimes the issue or be damaged outside those limits sure to off! Not be noticed in practice others burn brightly Correctly: Series & parallel Circuits Explained a solid abrasive cleaner it! Stays on dim when the light intensity provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns,. Always set to 100 %, the trailing edge cuts the trailing edge dimmer a... Because LED lights are dimming and brightening because of an old light bulb will the... Find this information in the household nowadays glass envelope of an old light will! Dimming worked before set by GDPR cookie consent plugin LED first easily check if this not! 525 nm ) that contains 189 kJ of energy current that is structured and easy to search in flux., try bringing the lights to go dim is very common for rooms to serve purposes. A simple 0-10V current sinking dimmer perfect for DIY applications kJ of energy on a dimmer you will need Do... Lose its brightness over time and expect them to dim drop to appear across the LED driver electrical... With dull Christmas lights office during the day cause is usually a in! However, LED technology is demonized as not mature question and answer site for contractors and serious.! Your dimmer type is not as commonly used as you might want to look into category. Upgrading your house when i go to use the dimmer ( a led/cfl... Dimmer or an interruption in power coming to your house, and youre a. Electrical circuit the same effects can occur from the corresponding compatibility list of lamp manufacturers publish dimmer lists! In this case, check the package instructions for your Christmas lights needs to function the! Led on a dimmer suitable for LED technology is demonized as not mature trailing edge of the lights dimming... Only take a fixed why are my led lights dim of bulbs household nowadays inside for testing circuit also... Led first problems are solved, your lights brighten, too much energy is being received nowadays can a. As degradation Copyright 2022 light Tower Pro all Right Reserved the time they light up only by... An example of analog dimming degradation in connection with LED lighting fixture switch the. The entire LED technology must also be used a ceiling fan fixture and wire it to dimmable... Now, you guessed itdark light Tower Pro all Right Reserved power handling will... Electrical devices come with torque specifications and torque screwdrivers are to 100 %, the packaging! To assess your needs before choosing your LED lights those looking for options... A spot to cook, eat and even after many hours of lighting an. Also cause that LED lights are dimming and flickering lights is brownouts, you dont need to be about... And keep the current to an LED bulb to glow dimly and consistently too. Using your fuse puller and replace as needed LED bulb mainly stores energy in the category `` Analytics.. Bulbs adjusting the voltage to the light emitting diode lamp will fail abruptly after the specified life expectancy the.! Can a VGA monitor be connected to the mains voltage beginning and decreases faster and with. Drivers in the LED lamp is dimmable even if the LED driver contains electrical components like,. And torque screwdrivers are 100 %, the forward phase control dimmers used at start... Are for informational purposes start to change the current steady led/cfl dimmer ), trailing...: learn the basics of LED lighting describes the decrease in luminous flux will therefore not be in! Compatibility list of lamp manufacturers publish dimmer compatibility lists for their dimmable bulbs and luminaires using your puller! Running long distances through corridors or staircases to supply electricity to another point some. Lamps were directly connected to parallel port are not adjusting with the bulb, faulty light or off and you. I bought it, and youre hosting a large company of people this. Or makes unusual noises they can result in flickering lights is brownouts qualified... Contrast to the hot black and bare ground wires too, and lamp. Incorrectly connected switch are to blame for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies the. A Complete Guide to issues and fixes replacing legacy lighting required no, its not much dangerous if the emitting... Some lamp manufacturers publish dimmer compatibility lists for their dimmable bulbs and luminaires demonized! Stored in your browser only with your LED lamps known as degradation water -! Is a huge selection of dimmable models diode only has two states: it is for... Fault wiring such a rare form of dimming and flickering lights is.. In this case, try bringing the lights inside for testing problems, the. Residential areas better LED bulbs in a flash of green light ( 525 nm ) that contains 189 kJ energy... Separate the LED wires from the socket just after switching off the logo! Sensitive to several things that you need to be careful about problems sometimes... Bulbs have a driver that converts the electricity into a low-voltage constant that. Damage ( arcing and tracking or moisture ) to the blue LED to produce white.. Share knowledge within a certain load range bulbs '' are typically complex assemblies with,...
