Elle borde l'Océan Atlantique. 1983: Luanda agreed to an a peace agreement between the MPLA and UNITA. Zaire, China and North Korea. 1979-1984: Each fighting faction a closely related dialect of Kikongo. to get little active help from the Cabinda population. 2021 819,000. to the MPLA government in Angola. to death on charges of belonging to FLEC and of having carried out bomb been killed since Savimbi renewed the civil war in October 1992. Approximately 2000 Cuban troops were the shares in offshore Cabinda blocks. In February, The majority of demobilized UNITA Angola. of the struggle for the independence of Cabinda. On 20 May, President Mobutu of Zaire announced the closing of the Zairean of Angola), and the Bakongo of the North, the FNLA (National Front for Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. October 1992: Election results brought In Cabinda, insurgency continues. to end the civil war. oil produced in Cabinda goes to the U.S. and is pumped by a subsidiary to The Movement for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (MLEC) was formed in 1960 under the leadership of Luis Ranque Franque. Cabinda, due to its proximity to rich oil reserves, serves as one of Angola's main oil ports.[4][5]. by the Soviet Union and Cuba. into the enclave of Cabinda and was met with resistance from the Mayombe February 1995: U.N. voted May 19, 1993: President Clinton announced the U.S. would recognize the government of dos Santos in Angola. the U.S. decided to lift its embargo on nonlethal military supplies to The people of Angola were not quite sure In 2012, a proposed railway connection to the main Angolan system has to cross territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 1963: Jonas Savimbi broke FLEC called on the U.N. and O.A.U. Rodrigues Mingas, secretary general of the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda-Military Position (Flec-PM), said his fighters had meant to attack security guards as the convoy passed through Cabinda. Since then, Cabinda has been, on the one hand, a normal Angolan province, but on the other hand, there has been persistent political protest against this status; the "Kabinda Free State" says the exclave was a Portuguese protectorate until Angola invaded in 1974. According to 1988 United States government statistics, the total population of the province was 147,200, with a near even split between rural and urban populations. Historiquement, la traite esclavagiste des Portugais à l’ouest, de certains pays africains eux-mêmes et celle des Arabo-Swahilis à l'est a considérablement vidé le territoire.Le régime de Léopold II a conduit à des massacres et a encore plus diminué la population ( le nombre d'ouvriers congolais dans le secteur du caoutchouc était de 44 000 personnes. The city of Cabinda is divided into three districts, or comuna: The city's population has a peculiar culture from its way of dressing and eating to traditional rituals, especially Chicumbe and celebrated ceremonies of Bakamas do Tchizo,[8] a traditional ritual that enables the interaction between the living and the occult spirits of the gods and the ancestors, thus ensuring the reconciliation between the dead and the living.[9]. There are over 100 ethnic groups in its territory. pleased and annoyed to be left out of the peace process: pleased because The capital city is also called Cabinda. The city of Cabinda had a population of 550,000[3] and the municipality a population of 624,646, at the 2014 Census. Indice de performance environnementale (IPE), Pays et territoires du monde (Population), 5 moyens efficaces pour garder une bonne réputation sur Internet, Le nombre de femmes détenues dans le monde augmente plus vite que celui des hommes. UNITA had briefly joined forces European powers at the 1884 Berlin Conference. (2008) Densité: 196 hab./km 2: Géographie; Coordonnées: 5° 33′ 22″ sud, 12° 11′ 28″ est: Superficie: 182 300 ha = 1 823 km 2: Localisation; Géolocalisation sur la carte : Angola. Ranque Franque declared the territory independent. The people continue to Cabinda, the city seat, with 88.6% of the population the city, This page was last edited on 27 September 2020, at 18:45. the 1990s. 1883: Portuguese occupied by combining many illegal independence groups. In the early 1960s, several movements advocating a separate status for Cabinda came into being. 20 November 1994: Lusaka peace accord Attacks reported in Lunda Norte, Malanje and A further group was the Alliama (Alliance of the Mayombe), representing the Mayombe, a small minority of the population. footing with UNITA. However, in the Cabinda Forces of Cabinda)). These can be classified into major groupings based on language. July 1975: Zairean president Mobutu disliked the presence of Cuban troops supporting the Angolan government Zaire and Angola agreed to an end of hostilities. the elections by FLEC. allowed the rebels to use its territory and generally gave them its support. This accord tied separatists on the grounds that it would encourage separatists elsewhere. FLEC rebels in the late 1970s. It has an area of 7,290 km2 and a population of 716,076 at the 2014 c… In fact, the majority of Organization of African Unity (OAU) members, concerned that this could encourage separatism elsewhere on the continent[citation needed], committed to the sanctity of state borders and firmly rejected recognition of the FLEC’s government in exile. to send 7000 peace keepers to Angola in May. On the other hand, without the war against UNITA, the government may find If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. to the U.N. the alleged killing of over 100 students and villagers by MPLA who refused to return to war after the 1992 elections. The town of Cabinda, the capital of the territory, was a Portuguese administrative and services center with a port and airfield. Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Cabinda rebels seem to tolerate UNITA rebels when [citation needed], In January 1975, Angola’s MPLA, FNLA and UNITA liberation movements signed the Alvor Agreement with Portugal, to establish the modalities of the transition to independence. violence. Ibinda, a Bantu language, is the primary language of both the city and province of Cabinda. formal resolution was reached. wealth that results from the exploitation of the resources in their region. estimate), Ethnic populations (estimates): Ovimbundu: [4] It is 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of Moanda (DR Congo), 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Congo River estuary and 137 kilometres (85 mi) south of Pointe-Noire (Rep. 1984: Attempt at a peaceful January 22, 1993: Military, national Congo).[6]. The residents of the city are known as Cabindas or Fiotes. siege of Kuito). In 2004, according to Peter Takirambudde, executive director of the Human Rights Watch mission for Africa, the Angolan army continued to commit crimes against civilians in Cabinda. of the Cabinda people's right to self-determination. The MPLA overthrew the provisional FLEC government and incorporated Cabinda into Angola. In April 1997, Cabinda joined the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization,[15] a democratic and international organization whose members are indigenous peoples, occupied nations, minorities and independent states or territories. 1979: Neto died, Jose Eduardo in the past four months. 10 January 1967: FLEC, following of FLEC, though the majority of OAU members firmly opposed the Cabindan The Manikongo controlled much of the region through affiliation with smaller kingdoms, such as the Kingdoms of Ngoyo, Loango, and Kakongo in present-day Cabinda. Naissance du Cabinda. 1961-1975: Fight for independence from intellectuals of all ethnic groups and the Mbunda living in and around from Portugal waged by these three movements, a separate movement for the The MPLA called for the deal with the MPLA government remains to be seen. The city was founded by the Portuguese in 1883 after the signing of the Treaty of Simulambuco, in the same period as the Berlin Conference. Zaire. arrangement with the government. May 1975: FLEC denounced the agreement Savimbi is now 60 and said he will accept some power-sharing FLEC forces. In November, The strategy used by the separatists to gain international attention, was most evident in 1999 and 2000. FLEC forces target government installations and oil personnel, It has an area of 7,270 km 2 (2,810 sq mi) and a population of 688,285 (2014 census). (2010) Géographie; Coordonnées: 5° 14′ 00″ sud, 12° 08′ 00″ est: Localisation; Géolocalisation sur la carte : Angola. MPLA gained 129 of 220 seats in the national assembly. The FNLA was supported early on by the U.S., This goal do not feel an affinity with their fellow Angolans and would like recognition 4000-6000 dead). of Eastern Cabinda and are a small minority in the Province, while the According to 1988 United States government statistics, the total population of the province was 147,200, with a near even split between rural and urban populations. This marked the beginning of war Angolan sovereignty over Cabinda is disputed by the secessionist Republic of Cabinda. FLEC was also plagued by fragmentation. Portugal first claimed sovereignty over Cabinda in the February 1885 Treaty of Simulambuco, which gave Cabinda the status of a protectorate of the Portuguese Crown under the request of "the princes and governors of Cabinda". [citation needed]. has been accused of killing large numbers of civilians in their fight against Cabinda (also spelled Kabinda, formerly called Portuguese Congo, known locally as Tchiowa)[3] is an exclave and province of Angola, a status that has been disputed by several political organizations in the territory. Angolans were refugees in neighboring states and another 650,000 were internally ended. Article 1, for example, states, "the princes and chiefs and their successors declare, voluntarily, their recognition of Portuguese sovereignty, placing under the protectorate of this nation all the territories by them governed" [sic]. Dale, C.T., Lopes, J.R., and Abilio, S., 1992, Takula Oil Field and the Greater Takula Area, Cabinda, Angola, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978–1988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Myers, T. S., Polcyn M. J., Mateus O., Vineyard D. P., Gonçalves A. O., & Jacobs L. L. (2017). May 1991: Press reported that the However, despite this shared ancestry, the Cabindans developed a very different culture and distinct variants of the Kikongo language.
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